The impact of private sector participation on enhancing the competitiveness of Aden container terminal using SWOT analysis and Porter model

This research explores the impact of private sector participation on enhancing the competitiveness of Aden Container Terminal (ACT), a critical maritime gateway in YemenPorts play a central role in national development and international trade; however, inefficiencies in public sector management have prompted many developing countries to pursue Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a strategic alternative. Aden Container Terminal represents a unique case of early PPP implementation in Yemen, initially successful but ultimately short-lived due to political and administrative challenges.
The aim of this study is to assess how PPPs can contribute to the long-term competitiveness of ACT by analyzing both past failures and future opportunities for collaboration. The research adopts a qualitative, analytical, and inductive design, using SWOT analysis and Porter's Diamond Model to examine internal capabilities, external threats, and competitive dynamics. Primary data was gathered through interviews with key stakeholders, and secondary sources included port reports and economic data.
The findings highlight that political and security instability remain the key barriers to effective private sector involvement. Despite ACT’s strategic location and potential, a lack of investment, fragmented governance, and weak institutional support have constrained its growth. The study recommends adopting a dual strategy: defensive, to protect current strengths from external threats, and remedial, to address internal weaknesses and capitalize on strategic opportunities. Enhancing private sector collaboration—through clear legislation, modern infrastructure, and unified long-term vision—is essential for ACT to reclaim its regional competitiveness.